An American Prisoner of War, World War II, Held by the Japanese Research Paper

An American Prisoner of War, World War II, Held by the Japanese - Research Paper Example Indeed, even I had been getting letters oftentimes from my family in Wisconsin, yet conditions, shielded me from returning considerably after United States had pronounced war on the Japanese. The ordinances were currently looked toward the oceans and the British Navy were prepared for the Japanese assault †or if nothing else, they thought they were, until the moment of retribution for a thousand Singaporeans went ahead eighth February, 2942. The British soldiers were outfoxed by the Japanese as their soldiers advanced into Singapore on bikes and subsequent to clearing their path through the overwhelming bogs and marshes of the Malay Peninsula, the Japanese shocked the British armed force. There were numerous accounts going on about the barbarity of the Japanese armed force and word got around that the Japanese were not keen on taking detainees any more. I A leaflet was appropriated among the Japanese that I additionally got the chance to see with my own eyes, which evidently was an unfavorable order that explicitly instructed them to consider their to be as the killers of their dads and not keep themselves away from slaughtering them, which will help their hearts. ii I just comprehended the genuine significance of the content after I had to learn Japanese in the camps, yet these were only the tip of the ice shelf of the barefaced viciousness that they had delivered on the individuals there. This spelled a catastrophe for everybody in the promontory and being on the edges of Bukit Timah, I had gotten familiar with the hints of weapon shots and blast out there. The brutality was quickly extending. The Singaporeans set up a last remain against Japan in the skirmish of Bukit Chandu headed by General Adnan, where the Japanese masked themselves as Punjabi troops and were undermined. In spite of the way that the Punjabi troops propelled a brilliant cautious assault, they outsmarted by the Japanese and afterward their

A Picture of Ministry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Picture of Ministry - Assignment Example individuals to join the service was for them to satisfy God’s will, for instance, lecture the uplifting news and free the individuals held in servitude (Tidball, 2008). All things considered, ministers ought to implore that their proclaiming of the gospel is dedicated, honest, and patent. Truth be told, it is significant that ministers change the service by imitating the missional service of Paul. In spite of the fact that he was a persecutor of Christians preceding changing, he is among the most referenced clergymen of the expression of God. For him, it is significant for ministers to have confidence in what they lecture, so that, their crowd could likewise accept. The service should concentrate on Jesus Christ, and not the ministers. Subsequently, the ministers are hirelings of God (Stevens, 2001). Service in the present world depicts some differentiating highlights when contrasted with the hours of Jesus. From such a unique situation, contemporary service has concentrated on insiders, while Jesus’ service was on the pariahs. Indeed, Jesus saw insiders as fit to go to paradise, yet the outcasts required the service more than they required the insiders for them to arrive at their level. Current priests, hence, center around fulfilling the necessities of their individuals. There is a defense of the equivalent; individuals are paying pastors’ pay rates (Tidball, 2008). In this specific circumstance, at that point, ministers qualify as workers, which is a huge complexity to Jesus’ service. As bosses of the congregation, at that point, ministers will one day be responsible of how they directed their service. Concentrating on the insiders implies that ministers are utilizing the gathering to keep up their profession, to the detriment of the untouchables who require hearing the expression of God (Devers, and Alexander, 2005). Priests are to imitate lessons apparent about Jesus’ service, and spotlight on pariahs as opposed to insiders. Despite the fact that embracing Jesus’ service may experience firm obstruction, yet as pioneers, ministers should open up and demonstrate their anxiety to outcasts in regard to their otherworldly government assistance (Devers and Alexander,

Psychology Careers Outside of Mental Health

Psychology Careers Outside of Mental Health Student Resources Careers Print Psychology Careers Outside of Mental Health By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on November 23, 2019 Jeffrey L. Rotman/Getty Images More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips What do you do if you love psychology but are not interested in working in a mental health profession? Fortunately, you still have plenty of great options. People often think that becoming a psychologist is the only option open to people who earn a psychology degree, but there are actually lots of job opportunities outside of the fields of therapy and mental health. Some psychologists work exclusively as researchers and investigate different aspects of human behavior. Others work in legal settings to assess and evaluate people who have come into contact with the criminal justice system. Still, other professionals work with professional and amateur athletes to improve motivation and performance. Consider Experimental and Applied Psychology Careers The field of psychology is very diverse and provides many other options that focus on aspects of the human mind and behavior other than mental health treatments. This is just a brief glimpse of all the different options you might encounter. Experimental and applied fields are two areas that might appeal to those who are interested in psychology but do not want to work in mental health. Experimental psychologists conduct research on a wide range of topics. In many cases, experimental psychologists might specialize in a particular area of psychology such as child development, the aging process, social behavior or cognitive psychology. They often work at colleges and universities and conduct research in addition to teaching courses, or they might also work in settings such as private corporations, research centers, and government organizations. Applied psychologists utilize their knowledge of psychology to solve real-world problems. Some examples of applied jobs include forensic psychologists, sports psychologists, consumer psychologists, and industrial-organizational psychologists. Applied psychologists work in a wide range of settings including universities, private businesses, government offices, law enforcement agencies and private consulting. Careers Outside of Psychology Another option is to utilize your knowledge of psychological principles in a career outside of psychology. According to one job survey, as many as 75 percent of people with an undergraduate degree in psychology work in a non-psychology field such as marketing, advertising, sales, communications, and other areas. If you enjoy statistics, then you might find the field of psychometrics appealing. Psychometricians specialize in studying and developing psychological assessments. They might develop tests to measure intelligence, aptitude, personality or educational achievements, often through the use of surveys and questionnaires. Browse through this list for more information on different careers that might appeal to you: Health psychologyAnimal behaviorNeuropsychologyBiopsychologyConsumer psychologySports psychologyComparative psychologyHuman factors psychologyAviation psychologyIndustrial-organizational psychologyEngineering psychologyCognitive psychology Before you make a decision, spend some time exploring some different psychology career options  to learn more about which areas are best aligned with your interests. Which Psychology Career Is Right for You?

A Look At The Word Nurse - 1917 Words

Take a look at the word â€Å"Nurse.† What comes to mind when the subject comes up in conversation? Do you imagine a healthcare professional who holds themselves to a high standard of providing optimal patient care? Or do you find that your image of a nurse is something different entirely? If you find yourself in the latter category you are not alone. Over the years the media has consistently presented a different definition of a nurse, one that has completely skewed the way that nurses are seen. A simple Google search of the word â€Å"nurse† proves this point. One of the first images that shows up on Google is of a woman wearing a skimpy, skin-tight dress, fishnet stockings, high heels, with a stethoscope draped around her neck, the image titled†¦show more content†¦As sexual harassment among the nursing population becomes more of an issue, this could be a possible contributing factor to why this type of violence is becoming more prevalent. As the public†™s view of nursing and nurses becomes skewed, behavior that was previously seen as wrong could now be seen somewhat acceptable. This paper will explore the prevalence and effects of sexual harassment, and will describe a possible plan of action to help decrease these uncomfortable and unwanted advances. With the changing image of nurses may, unfortunately, come with a change of behavior directed toward them from others, including behavior of a sexual nature. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or EECO, defines sexual harassment as: Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment, or submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as a basis for employment decisions affecting such individual, or such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment (IANWGE, 2013). Sexual harassment in the workplace has been forced into the spotlight recently,

Ivey †Development of a Multi-National Personnel Selection...

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Description of company in general terms and its business areas, key players and their roles, and relevant time frame of the case. ComInTec AG Co (ComInTec) is a world leading industrial company with administration, sales offices and production plants in various regions in the world.1 The owner of the company, Peter Koenig, wants to have a new personnel selection system to be developed to fill 25 middle management positions in the Asian-Pacific (APAC) region2. He prefers to have a standardized personnel selection system which works everywhere (i.e. something that is ‘’applicable cross-nationally and cross-regionally’’ 3). This means that is should be specific in one country, but that it should also work in other†¦show more content†¦It is a strength that they considered the job requirements (dimensions)15 and that they are going to use a back-translation technique, since this can be favorable in a cross-cultural context.16 In addition, the personality test (big five) is something which can contribute in the selection system. Lastly, the idea of a standardized interview in the second tier is something which I believe is important. If you standardize your interview it will be easier to measure and compare which enable to choose in a consistent and fair manner. Also, as Conway explains it, a standardized interview is much more reliable than a non-standardized interview (measured by the so-called Meta-analysis17). Shortcomings first of all, I was shocked that Mueller had an attitude as: ‘’we need to pick the right person, not satisfying candidates’’18. Of course you need to select the right person, but the selection system should also be seen as a socialization process for the applicant in the organizational culture. It will affect their thoughts, attitudes and behaviors about and towards the company. If the applicant does not pass for example one of the last rounds, that does not always have to mean that the applicant does not fit in the company, maybe he or she is interested in another vacancy within the company where he or she does fit. To see it from an ethical perspective as well as thinking in long-term, I would recommend including feedback or a question period for the applicantsShow MoreRelatedKeda Case Study5940 Words   |  24 Pagescertain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmission without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation, The University of Western Ontario, London, OntarioRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pageson acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permissionRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesL. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager Marketing Assistant Production Manager Senior Production Editor Freelance Development Editor Senior Designer Interior Design Senior Media Editor Senior Photo Editor Production Management Cover Design Cover Credit George Hoffman Lise Johnson Sarah Vernon Amy Scholz Laura Finley Dorothy Sinclair Sandra Dumas Susan McLaughlin KevinRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management20711 Words   |  83 Pagesquestions which are explained in section 1.5.
The first research objective is to determine the performance implications derived from the use of CRM. This will enable the findings to generate a conclusion.
The second research objective is the selection of an industry which implements the CRM software. Based on the industry a firm will be selected and results will be derived. The impact of customer relationship management on the financial performance of an organization 4
Third research objectiveRead MoreDissertation on Employee Retention Techniques18835 Words   |  76 Pagesresources has been shown to be momentous to the development and the accomplishment of the organization’s goals and objectives. The primary aim of this study is to explore the main factors that affect workforce retention in the United Kingdom based company known as ICELAND. 35 surveys distributed to two stores of Iceland located at Leytonstone and Gants hill workforce. The survey questions designed to determine three elements of retention Training and Development, Challenging work assignments and opportunitiesRead MoreDissertation on Employee Retention Techniques18845 Words   |  76 Pagesresources has been shown to be momentous to the development and the accomplishment of the organization’s goals and objectives. The primary aim of this study is to explore the main factors that affect workforce retention in the United Kingdom based company known as ICELAND. 35 s urveys distributed to two stores of Iceland located at Leytonstone and Gants hill workforce. The survey questions designed to determine three elements of retention Training and Development, Challenging work assignments and opportunitiesRead MoreSelected Topics24764 Words   |  100 Pagesproduction variable at time t FX : The change in exchange rate variable at time t MS : The change in money supply at time t Topic 7 Title: The role of stock market on XY financial development Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between financial markets and financial development using ordinary least square (OLS) for XY economy. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on Pagono (1993) and Murinde’s (1996) model using annually data between the years ofRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesrights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw−Hill Primis text may include materials submitted to McGraw−Hill for publication by the instructor of this course. The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of suchRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pages10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and printRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesCourier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission

Johnny Depp Film Star Free Essays

Johnny Depp John Christopher  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Johnny†Ã‚  Depp II  born June 9, 1963, was born in  Owensboro, Kentucky. He was raised in  Florida as the youngest of four children. His mother was Betty Sue Palmer, a waitress, and John Christopher Depp, a  civil engineer. We will write a custom essay sample on Johnny Depp Film Star or any similar topic only for you Order Now The family moved frequently during Depp’s childhood, and he and his siblings lived in more than 20 different locations, settling in  Miramar, Florida, in 1970. In 1978, Depp’s parents divorced when he was fifteen. His mother married, as her second husband, Robert Palmer, whom Depp called â€Å"an inspiration to me†. A year after his parents’ divorce, Depp dropped out of high school to become a rock musician. He attempted to go back to school two weeks later, but the principal told him to follow his dream of being a musician. He played with The Kids, a band that gained local success. The Kids set out together for Los Angeles in pursuit of a record deal, changing their name to Six Gun Method, but the group split up before signing a record deal. Depp engaged in  self-harm  when he was young, due to the stress of dealing with family problems, which resulted in several self-inflicted scars. In a 1993 interview, he reflected on his self-injury by saying â€Å"My body is a journal in a way. It’s like what sailors used to do, where every  tattoo  meant something, a specific time in your life when you make a mark on yourself, whether you do it yourself with a knife or with a professional tattoo artist†. (Johnny Depp Biography 1) On December 24, 1983, Depp married Lori Anne Allison, the sister of his band’s bass player and singer. During Depp’s marriage, his wife worked as a makeup artist, while he worked a variety of odd jobs, including a  telemarketer  for pens. His wife introduced him to actor  Nicolas Cage, who advised Depp to pursue an acting career. Depp and his wife divorced in 1985. Both Depp and his subsequent fiance  Sherilyn Fenn  auditioned for the 1986 film  Thrashin’  and they were both cast, with Depp being chosen by the film’s director to star as the lead, which would have been Depp’s second major role. Depp was later turned down by the film’s producer, who rejected the director’s decision. (Johnny Depp Biography FAQ) Johnny Depp  is an American actor, film producer, and musician. He has won the  Golden Globe Award  and  Screen Actors Guild  award for Best Actor. Depp rose to prominence on the 1980s television series  21 Jump Street, becoming a  teen idol. Unhappy with that status, Depp turned to film for more challenging roles; he played the title character of the acclaimed  Edward Scissorhands  (1990) and later found box office success in films such as  Sleepy Hollow  (1999),   Charlie and the Chocolate Factory  (2005),  Alice in Wonderland  (2010),  Rango  (2011) and the  Pirates of the Caribbean  film series  (2003–present). He has collaborated with director and friend  Tim Burton  in eight films; the most recent being  Dark Shadows  (2012). Depp has gained acclaim for his portrayals of such people as  Ed Wood, in  Ed Wood,  Joseph D. Pistone  in  Donnie Brasco,  Hunter S. Thompson  in  Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas,  George Jung  in  Blow, and the bank robber  John Dillinger  in  Michael Mann’s  Public Enemies. Films featuring Depp have  grossed  over $3. 1  billion at the United States box office and over $7. 6  billion worldwide. He has been nominated for top awards many times, winning the Best Actor Awards from the  Golden Globes  for  Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street  and from the  Screen Actors Guild  for  Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. He also has garnered a  sex symbol  status in American cinema, being twice named as the â€Å"Sexiest Man Alive† by  People  magazine  in 2003 and 2009. He has been listed in the 2012  Guinness Book of World Records  as the highest paid actor with $75 million. Johnny Depp Biography 2) Other notable random trivial facts I found about Johnny Depp on IMDB. com include Johnny in 1994, Depp was arrested and questioned by police for allegedly causing serious damage to a New York City hotel suite, he was arrested again in 1999 for brawling with paparazzi  outside a restaurant while dining in London. He adopted Goldeneye, the one-eyed Andalusian horse who played Gunpowder, Ichabod Crane’s steed in  Sleepy Hollow  (1999), thereby saving him from the glue factory. Johnny has residences in multiple places including France, Los Angeles, and an island he owns in the Bahamas. He divides his time in France between Meudon, a suburb of Paris and a villa in Plan-de-la-Tour, an hour outside of St Tropez in Southern France. On November 19, 1999 Johnny received a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. As a child, he was allergic to chocolate. He is the only actor to be nominated for the Oscar in the Lead Actor category in a Disney film (Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl  (2003)). Johnny is often found citing Captain Jack Sparrow (Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl  (2003)) and  Edward Scissorhands  (1990) as the favorite characters that he has played. He is a godfather of  Tim Burton  son Billy Ray Burton. A few things that Johnny is scared of are clowns, spiders, and ghosts. He turned down the role of Bruce Banner in  Hulk  in 2003. Johnny Depp is the only actor to appear in 3 of the 10 films to gross $1 billion with  Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest  (2006),  Alice in Wonderland (2010) and  Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides  (2011). IMDb) A complete filmogophry would be Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), Private Resort (1985), Slow Burn (1986), Platoon (1986), Cry-Baby (1990), Edwards Scissorhands (1990), Freddy’s Dead:The Final Nightmare (1991), Benny ; Joon (1993), What’s Eating Gilbert Grape (1993), Arizona Dream (1993), Ed Wood (1994), Don Juan DeMarco (1995), Dead Man (19 95), Nick of Time (1995), Cannes Man (1996), Donnie Brasco (1997), The Brave (1997), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), L. A. Without a Map (1998), The Ninth Gate (1999), Sleepy Hollow (1999), The astronaut’s Wife (1999), Chocolat (2000), Before Night Falls (2000), Blow (2001), The Man Who Cried (2001), From Hell (2001), Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003), Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003), Happily Ever After (2004), Secret Window (2004), Finding Neverland (2004), The Libertine (2004), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005) Corpse Bride (2005), Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest (2006), Pirates of the Caribbean: At World’s End (2007), Sweeny Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), Public Enemies (2009), The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009), Alice in Wonderland (2010), The Tourist (2010), Rango (2011), Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stanger Tides (2011), The Rum Diary (2011), Jack and Jill (2011), 21 Jump Street (2012), Dark Shadows (2012) , The Lone Ranger (2013), Transcendence (2014), Pirates of the Caribbean (2015). (IMDb) Sources: †Å"Johnny Depp Biography 1. †Ã‚  Bio. com. A;E Networks Television, n. d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Johnny Depp Biography 2. †Ã‚  Johnny Depp. Bio, n. d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Johnny Depp Biography FAQ. †Ã‚  Johnny Depp Biography ; FAQ. N. p. , 27 July 2011. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. How to cite Johnny Depp Film Star, Papers

Johnny Depp Film Star Free Essays

Johnny Depp John Christopher  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Johnny†Ã‚  Depp II  born June 9, 1963, was born in  Owensboro, Kentucky. He was raised in  Florida as the youngest of four children. His mother was Betty Sue Palmer, a waitress, and John Christopher Depp, a  civil engineer. We will write a custom essay sample on Johnny Depp Film Star or any similar topic only for you Order Now The family moved frequently during Depp’s childhood, and he and his siblings lived in more than 20 different locations, settling in  Miramar, Florida, in 1970. In 1978, Depp’s parents divorced when he was fifteen. His mother married, as her second husband, Robert Palmer, whom Depp called â€Å"an inspiration to me†. A year after his parents’ divorce, Depp dropped out of high school to become a rock musician. He attempted to go back to school two weeks later, but the principal told him to follow his dream of being a musician. He played with The Kids, a band that gained local success. The Kids set out together for Los Angeles in pursuit of a record deal, changing their name to Six Gun Method, but the group split up before signing a record deal. Depp engaged in  self-harm  when he was young, due to the stress of dealing with family problems, which resulted in several self-inflicted scars. In a 1993 interview, he reflected on his self-injury by saying â€Å"My body is a journal in a way. It’s like what sailors used to do, where every  tattoo  meant something, a specific time in your life when you make a mark on yourself, whether you do it yourself with a knife or with a professional tattoo artist†. (Johnny Depp Biography 1) On December 24, 1983, Depp married Lori Anne Allison, the sister of his band’s bass player and singer. During Depp’s marriage, his wife worked as a makeup artist, while he worked a variety of odd jobs, including a  telemarketer  for pens. His wife introduced him to actor  Nicolas Cage, who advised Depp to pursue an acting career. Depp and his wife divorced in 1985. Both Depp and his subsequent fiance  Sherilyn Fenn  auditioned for the 1986 film  Thrashin’  and they were both cast, with Depp being chosen by the film’s director to star as the lead, which would have been Depp’s second major role. Depp was later turned down by the film’s producer, who rejected the director’s decision. (Johnny Depp Biography FAQ) Johnny Depp  is an American actor, film producer, and musician. He has won the  Golden Globe Award  and  Screen Actors Guild  award for Best Actor. Depp rose to prominence on the 1980s television series  21 Jump Street, becoming a  teen idol. Unhappy with that status, Depp turned to film for more challenging roles; he played the title character of the acclaimed  Edward Scissorhands  (1990) and later found box office success in films such as  Sleepy Hollow  (1999),   Charlie and the Chocolate Factory  (2005),  Alice in Wonderland  (2010),  Rango  (2011) and the  Pirates of the Caribbean  film series  (2003–present). He has collaborated with director and friend  Tim Burton  in eight films; the most recent being  Dark Shadows  (2012). Depp has gained acclaim for his portrayals of such people as  Ed Wood, in  Ed Wood,  Joseph D. Pistone  in  Donnie Brasco,  Hunter S. Thompson  in  Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas,  George Jung  in  Blow, and the bank robber  John Dillinger  in  Michael Mann’s  Public Enemies. Films featuring Depp have  grossed  over $3. 1  billion at the United States box office and over $7. 6  billion worldwide. He has been nominated for top awards many times, winning the Best Actor Awards from the  Golden Globes  for  Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street  and from the  Screen Actors Guild  for  Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. He also has garnered a  sex symbol  status in American cinema, being twice named as the â€Å"Sexiest Man Alive† by  People  magazine  in 2003 and 2009. He has been listed in the 2012  Guinness Book of World Records  as the highest paid actor with $75 million. Johnny Depp Biography 2) Other notable random trivial facts I found about Johnny Depp on IMDB. com include Johnny in 1994, Depp was arrested and questioned by police for allegedly causing serious damage to a New York City hotel suite, he was arrested again in 1999 for brawling with paparazzi  outside a restaurant while dining in London. He adopted Goldeneye, the one-eyed Andalusian horse who played Gunpowder, Ichabod Crane’s steed in  Sleepy Hollow  (1999), thereby saving him from the glue factory. Johnny has residences in multiple places including France, Los Angeles, and an island he owns in the Bahamas. He divides his time in France between Meudon, a suburb of Paris and a villa in Plan-de-la-Tour, an hour outside of St Tropez in Southern France. On November 19, 1999 Johnny received a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. As a child, he was allergic to chocolate. He is the only actor to be nominated for the Oscar in the Lead Actor category in a Disney film (Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl  (2003)). Johnny is often found citing Captain Jack Sparrow (Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl  (2003)) and  Edward Scissorhands  (1990) as the favorite characters that he has played. He is a godfather of  Tim Burton  son Billy Ray Burton. A few things that Johnny is scared of are clowns, spiders, and ghosts. He turned down the role of Bruce Banner in  Hulk  in 2003. Johnny Depp is the only actor to appear in 3 of the 10 films to gross $1 billion with  Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest  (2006),  Alice in Wonderland (2010) and  Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides  (2011). IMDb) A complete filmogophry would be Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), Private Resort (1985), Slow Burn (1986), Platoon (1986), Cry-Baby (1990), Edwards Scissorhands (1990), Freddy’s Dead:The Final Nightmare (1991), Benny ; Joon (1993), What’s Eating Gilbert Grape (1993), Arizona Dream (1993), Ed Wood (1994), Don Juan DeMarco (1995), Dead Man (19 95), Nick of Time (1995), Cannes Man (1996), Donnie Brasco (1997), The Brave (1997), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), L. A. Without a Map (1998), The Ninth Gate (1999), Sleepy Hollow (1999), The astronaut’s Wife (1999), Chocolat (2000), Before Night Falls (2000), Blow (2001), The Man Who Cried (2001), From Hell (2001), Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003), Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003), Happily Ever After (2004), Secret Window (2004), Finding Neverland (2004), The Libertine (2004), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005) Corpse Bride (2005), Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest (2006), Pirates of the Caribbean: At World’s End (2007), Sweeny Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), Public Enemies (2009), The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009), Alice in Wonderland (2010), The Tourist (2010), Rango (2011), Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stanger Tides (2011), The Rum Diary (2011), Jack and Jill (2011), 21 Jump Street (2012), Dark Shadows (2012) , The Lone Ranger (2013), Transcendence (2014), Pirates of the Caribbean (2015). (IMDb) Sources: †Å"Johnny Depp Biography 1. †Ã‚  Bio. com. A;E Networks Television, n. d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Johnny Depp Biography 2. †Ã‚  Johnny Depp. Bio, n. d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Johnny Depp Biography FAQ. †Ã‚  Johnny Depp Biography ; FAQ. N. p. , 27 July 2011. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. How to cite Johnny Depp Film Star, Papers

Elements Of The Argument free essay sample

: # 8220 ; What Is Poverty? # 8221 ; Essay, Research Paper Elementss of the Argument: # 8220 ; What is Poverty? # 8221 ; Steve Ross Expository Writing Dr. Nancy Nester Final 10/25/96 What do you see poorness to be? Do you have a unequivocal account of it or make you see it an abstract circumstance? In the article # 8220 ; What is Poverty? # 8221 ; , Jo Goodwin Parker gives her thoughts on what poorness is. First given as a address, this article is written as an onslaught on human emotion. Her usage of connotative linguistic communication creates many rough images of her experiences in a life of poorness. By utilizing these images, Parker is capable of doing the reader to experience many emotions and forces the reader to oppugn his or her ain stereotypes of the hapless. With the usage of connotative linguistic communication and the ability to elicit emotion, Parker successfully compels the reader to analyze his or her ideas and beliefs on who the hapless are. We will write a custom essay sample on Elements Of The Argument or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Parker # 8217 ; s usage of connotative linguistic communication causes the reader to experience many emotions. Of these emotions, a outstanding one is guilt. Parker is capable of doing the reader experience guilty for the ownerships that he or she has. For illustration, she uses the phrase # 8220 ; You say in your clean apparels coming from your clean house, # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( Parker 237 ) . This causes the reader to experience guilty for holding the chance to be clean when we all know that she doesn # 8217 ; t have the same. She calls hot H2O a # 8220 ; luxury # 8221 ; ( Parker 237 ) . To those populating in poorness hot H2O is a luxury. The unimpoverished return it for granted and neer before considered it anything other than a basic ownership. When the reader hears that person else calls it a luxury that they can non afford, he or she can # 8217 ; T aid but experience guilty for holding it as a basic ownership. Parker besides attacks the guilt of the reader through narratives of her kids. She knows that some readers may non experience guilty for things that happen to her, but when kids are introduced to the state of affairs they will experience more guilt. She says, # 8220 ; My kids have no excess books, no magazines, no excess pencils, or crayons, or paper # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( Parker 238 ) . The reader can non assist but experience guilty for holding these basic things when her kids, who need them, make non. Another thing that Parker makes the audience experience guilty for holding is wellness. She says, speaking about her kids, # 8220 ; # 8230 ; most of import of all, they do non hold health. # 8221 ; ( Parker 238 ) . She goes on farther to depict what is incorrect with them. Parker says, # 8220 ; They have worms, they have infections, they have pink-eye all summer # 8221 ; ( 238 ) . These descriptions of her kids cause the reader to experience atrocious for them. By doing the reader experience this manner she is increasing the degree of guilt the reader besides feels. She is really successful in carry throughing this and this success causes her statement to go really powerful. Not merely does she do us experience guilty for holding ownerships that she can non, but Parker besides makes us experience guilty about the stereotypes we hold. She knows what society # 8217 ; s stereotypes are and she successfully combats them. Parker knows that society thinks the hapless Don # 8217 ; t want to work. To assail this she tells of why she can # 8217 ; t work. She has three kids. The last clip she had a occupation the baby-sitter she left them with did non take attention of them. She returned to happen all three in unsafe state of affairss. Her babe had non been changed since she had left it at that place, her other was playing with a piece of crisp glass, and her oldest was playing entirely at the border of a lake ( Parker 236-237 ) . Her opportunities of happening a better baby-sitter are slender because she can non afford a nursery school due to fact that she makes excessively small ( Parker 237 ) . This is why she can non work. Her inability to work leads to many of the other stereotypes that society has of the hapless. Society inquiries why the hapless can non be clean. She tells of how without money she can non afford any cleansing supplies ( Parker 237 ) . Parker Tells of how she saved for two months to purchase a jar of Vaseline and when she had eventually saved plenty the monetary value had gone up two cents ( 237 ) . She can non rinse in soap because it has to be saved to clean the babe # 8217 ; s nappies ( Parker 237 ) . She efficaciously shows how society # 8217 ; s stereotypes are wrong. She is capable of doing the reader experience guilty for the stereotypes and causes the reader to inquiry why he or she has them. If the audience would merely take a small clip to seek and understand her state of affairs they would cognize how baseless the stereotypes are. Parker is besides successful in arousing understanding from the reader. She uses connotative linguistic communication to make distressing images of what poorness is. For illustration, she calls poorness an # 8220 ; acid that trickles on pride until pride is worn off ( Parker 239 ) . # 8221 ; Not merely is poverty bad but it is an acid. An acid is a atrocious thing. It burns and corrodes off at something until it no longer exists. By this concluding poorness is destructing her life. This phrase forces the reader to see poorness as something worse than they had of all time thought before. She shows poorness as a expletive, as a # 8220 ; chisel that french friess on award until award is worn off ( Parker 239 ) . # 8221 ; Parker starts about every paragraph with a new definition of what poorness is. Some illustrations are: # 8221 ; poorness is being tired # 8221 ; ( Parker 236 ) , # 8220 ; poorness is ungraded # 8221 ; ( 237 ) , # 8220 ; poorness is inquiring for aid # 8221 ; ( 237 ) , and # 8220 ; poorness is looking into a black hereafter # 8221 ; ( 238 ) . All of these phrases create a different image of poorness and each one is a success in arousing understanding from the reader. They all force the reader to conceive of poorness in a new manner. We all knew it was bad but Parker makes us recognize how black poorness is. She shows us that there is no hope for the hapless without understanding. Parker is successful in acquiring her point across with her usage of connotative linguistic communication and her ability to make images. She has done a good occupation of assailing the reader and acquiring him or her to listen to what she has to state. Even though she attacks the audience she does it in an appropriate manner whereas she does non come across as violative. All in all, Parker has done a successful occupation at making images and utilizing the readers # 8217 ; emotion to acquire an audience to listen to her predicament and the battles of other # 8217 ; s in her state of affairs.

Ancient Egyptian Mathematics Essays - Religion, Egyptian Gods

Ancient Egyptian Mathematics Ancient Egyptian Mathematics The use of organized mathematics in Egypt has been dated back to the third millennium BC. Egyptian mathematics was dominated by arithmetic, with an emphasis on measurement and calculation in geometry. With their vast knowledge of geometry, they were able to correctly calculate the areas of triangles, rectangles, and trapezoids and the volumes of figures such as bricks, cylinders, and pyramids. They were also able to build the Great Pyramid with extreme accuracy. Early surveyors found that the maximum error in fixing the length of the sides was only 0.63 of an inch, or less than 1/14000 of the total length. They also found that the error of the angles at the corners to be only 12", or about 1/27000 of a right angle (Smith 43). Three theories from mathematics were found to have been used in building the Great Pyramid. The first theory states that four equilateral triangles were placed together to build the pyramidal surface. The second theory states that the ratio of one of the sides to half of the height is the approximate value of P, or that the ratio of the perimeter to the height is 2P. It has been discovered that early pyramid builders may have conceived the idea that P equaled about 3.14. The third theory states that the angle of elevation of the passage leading to the principal chamber determines the latitude of the pyramid, about 30o N, or that the passage itself points to what was then known as the pole star (Smith 44). Ancient Egyptian mathematics was based on two very elementary concepts. The first concept was that the Egyptians had a thorough knowledge of the twice-times table. The second concept was that they had the ability to find two-thirds of any number (Gillings 3). This number could be either integral or fractional. The Egyptians used the fraction 2/3 used with sums of unit fractions (1/n) to express all other fractions. Using this system, they were able to solve all problems of arithmetic that involved fractions, as well as some elementary problems in algebra (Berggren). The science of mathematics was further advanced in Egypt in the fourth millennium BC than it was anywhere else in the world at this time. The Egyptian calendar was introduced about 4241 BC. Their year consisted of 12 months of 30 days each with 5 festival days at the end of the year. These festival days were dedicated to the gods Osiris, Horus, Seth, Isis, and Nephthys (Gillings 235). Osiris was the god of nature and vegetation and was instrumental in civilizing the world. Isis was Osiris's wife and their son was Horus. Seth was Osiris's evil brother and Nephthys was Seth's sister (Weigel 19). The Egyptians divided their year into 3 seasons that were 4 months each. These seasons included inundation, coming-forth, and summer. Inundation was the sowing period, coming-forth was the growing period, and summer was the harvest period. They also determined a year to be 365 days so they were very close to the actual year of 365 days (Gillings 235). When studying the history of algebra, you find that it started back in Egypt and Babylon. The Egyptians knew how to solve linear (ax=b) and quadratic (ax2+bx=c) equations, as well as indeterminate equations such as x2+y2=z2 where several unknowns are involved (Dauben). The earliest Egyptian texts were written around 1800 BC. They consisted of a decimal numeration system with separate symbols for the successive powers of 10 (1, 10, 100, and so forth), just like the Romans (Berggren). These symbols were known as hieroglyphics. Numbers were represented by writing down the symbol for 1, 10, 100, and so on as many times as the unit was in the given number. For example, the number 365 would be represented by the symbol for 1 written five times, the symbol for 10 written six times, and the symbol for 100 written three times. Addition was done by totaling separately the units-1s, 10s, 100s, and so forth-in the numbers to be added. Multiplication was based on successive doublings, and division was based on the inverse of this process (Berggren). The original of the oldest elaborate manuscript on mathematics was written in Egypt about 1825 BC. It was called the Ahmes treatise. The Ahmes manuscript was not written to be a textbook, but for use as a practical handbook. It contained material on linear equations of such types as x+1/7x=19 and dealt extensively on unit fractions. It also had a considerable amount of work on mensuration, the act, process, or art of measuring, and includes problems in elementary series (Smith 45-48). The

buy custom HIV Aids essay

buy custom HIV Aids essay HIV Aids has been one of the most feared diseases by the human race. Intense efforts from various medical centers around the globe have all been trials in vain. The disease has been elusive to the human efforts to come up with a way of controlling it. People known to have HIV Aids are known to be stigmatized in fear of contacting the disease. This has often been posed as a problem in the society. This essay examines the ways in which individuals with HIV can be protected and how the community at large can also be protected. The essay in a careful way examines the conditions under which security. The essay integrates this information with the use of four slides having simple language and hard to read. Protecting People with HIV. It has often reported that the protection of the people already suffering from HIV has been a major challenge to most nations. Laws have been enacted to ensure that those who are already contacted do not get to mix up with the rests of the society. Taking care of those already affected is the best way to prevent the continuous spread of HIV Aids. As a matter of fact the disease not being airborne can only be spread by those who already have been contacted. Peple who already have contacted HIV Aids should be empowered to enable them cope with their situation. The following are some of the ways through which individual empowerment can be carried out (Lyons, 2009). Moral Support. Individuals with HIV Aids should be given some morals support. Moral support is quite important as it will assure the victim and him/her to keep on holding into life. There are reported cases especially in underdeveloped nation where people already contacted with HIV Aids spread the disease through having unprotected sex. Moral support and guidance if administered well ca n reduce such patterns. Through guidance victims who have already contacted HIV Aids will see the significance of taking care of their bodies. Apart from moral support, the individuals will also require some financial support (UNAIDS, 2010). Financial Support. People with HIV Aids more often than not require to be financed. This is the case especially in the countries which are developing and whose economies are still young. The finances can be used to buy ARVs. The finances will also be used by the individuals for the provision of a balanced diet. The finances can be provided throughh government bodied or even non governmental bodies (UNAIDS, 2009). The society. There are no specific methods which can be used to protect to protect the society at large. The people in the society should be taken through guidance and counseling and be taught on how they should avoid been contacted with HIV Aids. It should be noted that the best way to protect the society from being affected by the HIV virus. It should also be noted that fighting HIV Aids is a communal activity and therefore the society should come out clearly to protect the victims and embrace those affected by the Virus by supporting them. The society therefore should set up institutions which will be meant to serve those already affected by the HIV virus and as such the society will be protecting itself from contacting the disease (Lyons, 2010). HIV Aids is a disease which has become such a sensitive issue in the society today. To help in curtailing the spread of HIV Aids there is an urgent need to support and offer counseling services to those who have already contacted the disease. The society should take the leading role in coming up with ways that will be used to empower the victims of HIV. Buy custom HIV Aids essay

Amre Inc Case (Ethics Case) - Principles of Auditing Essay - 1

Amre Inc Case (Ethics Case) - Principles of Auditing - Essay Example r her performance, based on credentials like average sales in dollars for every appointment the salesperson had with a customer and the number of schedules with clients. In the long run, this AMRE was involved in an accounting fraud and the top officials we also unethical in performing their duties. This is a critically analysed and summarised below. Following AMRE’s spectacular financial performance, especially in 1987, financial analysts tracking the companies were given, by the AMRE’s top officers, huge estimations of expected revenue and profit projections that would be achieved throughout the fiscal year. However, these projections, for the first quarter of the fiscal year, were not met and as a result, Robert Levin, an executive stakeholder instructed Dennie Brown, a chief accounting officer to inflate the net income for the first quarter of the fiscal year. Robert Levin in turn instructed the data processing vice president, Walter to alter the computerized records that stored records of sales. This was repeated for the second fiscal year and final culmination on the third and fourth year correspondingly (Hoffman, 2006). It can be clearly seen that firm violated the GAAP time period assumption accounting principle. According to this principal (Ken, 2006), the financial position of a given firm can be reported over a give short but defined interval period of time. It continues to advocate that, in case there is such an assessment, there should be a clear record of cash flow. This was not the case with AMRE’s auditing. In each of the quarter of the fiscal year, they would manipulated the financial records and no report of cash flow was seen (John, 2006). Secondly, they violated the full disclosure principle. The principle demands that any vital information that affects investor, stakeholders using financial statements, the information should be correctly relayed. The firm fulfilled a part of the principle of relaying the information however, it was not

A Memorable Football Match Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Memorable Football Match - Essay Example The researcher started playing the game at the age of 7 where he uses to play with the friends who have similar kind of enthusiasm towards the sport. They continued to play in the same manner for the next three years forming a team where all the players were from their own locality and almost similar to one another in terms of age. They used to play matches with teams of other locality. Those days has kept the author engaged in watching as well as playing the football game. His concentration towards studies trembled up to an extent which showed in his academic performances. However, the researcher must mention that he cared a little about these aspects during those days. His interest and enthusiasm for the game augmented rapidly in course of time and it continued likewise till he was 12 years of age. It was the last week of the summer of 2005 and the weather was best suited for playing the game of football. Every year during this time, the local authority organizes a soccer competiti on inviting teams from various regions of the district. It was one of the most prestigious and followed football competitions in the district. Their team was aspiring to participate in this event since a longer tenure but was unable to do the same because of their age which does not match up the eligibility criteria which allows the age group of 12-15 years. That year their team was about to participate in the competition owing to the aspect that there were no age barrier for us anymore. The researcher’s first match was scheduled on the 3rd day of the competition with one of the toughest and most competitive teams of the tournament. His teammates were worried about this fact but the author had some feeling altogether. The researcher was not aware of what his teammates were felling about the match but for him, it was probably an all-new experience awaiting. There are some reasons owing to which the author depicted this match as an experience. This was the first he was about to play a football match in front of thousands of spectators coming from various regions of the district. This was also about to be the first moment when his game would be aired on the local television network. The D-day arrived and expectedly, thousands of spectators gathered to witness the match and the local television network was also about to telecast the same. A feeling of nervousness and anxiety was running through the author’s head. As they walked into the stadium, the roar of around 4 thousand spectators’ altogether greeted them. Although, the capacity of the stadium was quite less as compared to a usual national and international football grounds, for the researcher, the cheer of this handful number of spectators gave the feeling of playing in front of millions. The match started with a kick on the ball from the opposition team. With the passage of time, the enthusiasm of the spectators augmented considerably. The researcher must mention that his performance th roughout the match was mediocre and was unable to put the ball into the net on a single occasion. The match ended as a draw, where both the teams were scoring one goal each.

Unethical Practices And Conflicts Of Interest In The Pharmaceutical Industry

Unethical Practices And Conflicts Of Interest In The Pharmaceutical Industry As Healthcare Reform develops and shape regulations within the healthcare industry, unethical practices and conflicts of interest in the pharmaceutical industry affirm the need for transparency and improved traditions. Conflict of interest from a legal standpoint is a conflict between the private interests and the official or professional responsibilities of a person in a position of trust. (Merriam-Websters Dictionary of Law, 2010) From a business perspective, conflict of interest is defined as a situation that has the potential to undermine the impartiality of a person because of the possibility of a clash between the persons self-interest and professional-interest or personal-interest. (BusinessDictionary.com) With the number of physicians operating private practices in the United States, the clinical drug trial kickbacks have become common practice and the ravenous patterns have been explicitly revealed. The frequency of such behaviors and exposure of financial gain are enough to further strengthen the necessity for health care reform. Each unscrupulous circumstance that is exposed brings about further insight to the widespread unethical conduct of the pharmaceutical industry. There is an abundance of scenarios and examples depicting behaviors as well as emergent methods to circumvent such conflicts of interest. Additionally, laws and processes are in place to further develop and establish parameters around acceptable and unacceptable practices for both pharmaceutical manufacturers and physicians alike. With the objective to deter, eliminate and expose conflicts of interest, various projects, acts and charitable trusts have been developed and comprised of committees of citizens, organizat ions, and donors who vigorously advocate patient safety through improved changes in the manufacturing and marketing of prescription drugs. So how does conflict of interest play a role in clinical drug trials? When discussing conflict of interest as it relates to clinical drug trials the scenario is usually one in which a researcher has a monetary rapport and research money, with the company that manufacturers the drug being studied. There is nothing fundamentally erroneous with these types of conflicts of interest, they are practically everywhere within drug trials because most of the trials are financed by the drug companies that produce the drugs being studied. In an article written by John H. Montgomery related to the examination of conflicts of interest, research was done by Dr. Roy H. Perlis on the outcome of drug trials and the relationship that the author or industry has to that outcome. Research shows that 397 trials were reviewed and of those, 162 random trials yielded positive results that were funded by the manufacturer of the drug being studied. These results give indication that conflict of interest is common and associated to the outcome of the trials. This is just one of many examples of how common conflicts of interest arise in the healthcare industry. Another study conducted looked at randomized controlled trials of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) between 1987 and 1990 (Bodenheimer). This study found that relatively all of the trials in the three-year span were sponsored by the drug producer. The research also discovered that the drug being compared to the manufactured drug was equivalent in efficiency and in s ome cases was even better than the manufactured drug in every trial. The study also reported that the manufacturer-associated drug was safer than the comparison drug in 86% of the trials (Bodenheimer). Remember, these trials were funded by the drug companies sponsoring the trials. How can conflicts of interest be avoided? First, when a patient is registered in a drug trial, full disclosure of any financial relationships with the drug manufacturer should be given. This builds trust with the patient and also fulfills the patients right to know this information so they can make the decision as to whether or not they want to participate in the study. Second, disclosure statements should be offered to the participant and ought to be clear and simple; this will often entice the patient to ask questions. Finally, research planners should be sufficiently familiar with any conflicts of interest with the investigator or the institution so that patients questions can be answered appropriately and correctly. Disclosure may not always be what most patients are looking for but the aforementioned suggestions could help satisfy the patient and trust the research process. The investigator cannot be the only responsible party though patients must also do their homework before t hey participate in a clinical trial. The issue of whether or not conflict of interest is unacceptable when drug companies perform their own clinical drug trials is becoming an increasingly hot topic in the industry today. In an article written in BMJ magazine by Goldacre this topic is discussed. Goldacre talks about the NSAIDs study mentioned above and how impossible the results of that trial were. He notes that an organized evaluation found 30 studies that investigated whether or not industry support is connected with results that are beneficial for the sponsor. The result: studies sponsored by drug companies were more than four times as likely to have outcomes favoring the funder, compared with studies with other sponsors (Goldacre). How can this partiality be allowed to take place? Perhaps it is the way the trials are planned. For instance, in some studies the opponent drug is given at an insufficient amount which raises the side effects of the drug. This in turn makes the supporters drug look more appealing. Another known issue is that there is no standard for communicating results of drug trials. The industry has the ability to print whatever they would like to report. More often than not, the negative results from clinical drug trials remain unavailable. The most alarming concern about the clinical drug trial process is that data is not only used once, in some cases data was published within the results of 14 other trials. It is inevitable that issues like this will exist in the industry when there is no formal standard by which clinical drug trials must adhere to. Though there is no standard set the FDA has published guidelines that the industry must follow regarding financial disclosure in drug trials. The FDA Guidance for Industry on Financial Disclosure by Clinical Investigators requires that anyone submitting an application to market a drug, product or device disclose any financial relationship or compensation received by all investigators involved in the trial being set up. The FDA specifies requirements about what information is required to be reported and lists actions that the agency will take if these requirements are not followed. The FDA should not be the only one addressing conflicts of interest in clinical drug trials though. Physicians should be attentive when participating in the trials or when treating a patient that is currently or is eligible to participate in one. Physicians participating in drug trials or enlisting patients for trials should be aware of the following guidelines: Physicians should only consent to participate in trials that are within their range of capability and practice and they should be appropriately trained in performing research. Physicians should be knowledgeable of ethics and should only participate in trials that they are convinced have been evaluated by a review board, the participants in the study are not at risk of being harmed, and that government policies are followed during the course of the study. If a physician is treating patients that are enrolled in a study or are eligible to participate in a study, they will need to make sure the patient understands that they treat them under both pretenses but as both physician and investigator. Physicians should make certain that procedure include stipulations that will support the participants health care should difficulty arise as a result of the trial. The nature and source of funding and financial incentives offered to the investigators must be disclosed to a potential participant as part of the informed consent process (Managing Conflicts of Interest in the Conduct of Clinical Trials). The physician should make certain that there is no impediment in the publication of the results of the study by the sponsor of the trial. Conflict of interest is a growing concern in the health care industry today. The issues are reported on the news and in publications more and more frequently. Bringing attention to the matter and raising awareness will aid in the development and improvement of ethics in clinical drug trials. An example of one of the reformation objectives would be eliminating the behavior of a physician who treats a patient suffering from dementia and later bills Medicare; however, this same physician does not report the adverse impact on the patient, because the physician has been promised adequate compensation for evading details and touting benefits of the drug. The patient filed a malpractice suit against the physician. The attorney during discovery learned that the plaintiff was enrolled in a study and did not meet the criteria to be included in the study. It was also discovered that the medical assistant did not have any experience or training in coordinating studies and were paid a fee for each person enrolled. The study was not in compliance or conducted in conjunction with the FDA statutes and regulations. The IRB which once approved the Protocol and Informed Consent halted the study eight months earlier. An additional $5,000 per month was paid to the physician for consulting se rvices. These same payments were paid to the physician under the Clinical Trial Agreement creating a duplication of services. Medicare was billed by the physician as well for the same items and services which including the drug that for formally paid out by the sponsor in which the physician has previously been reimbursed. The Plaintiff signed the informed consent alone without any counseling even though the sponsor knew the subject was diagnosed as suffering from dementia. Dr. Joseph L. Biederman, professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and the chief of pediatric psychopharmacology at Harvards Massachusetts General Hospital poses a prime situation of drug payments going to physicians. Children as young as two years old are now being diagnosed with having bipolar disorder thanks largely to Dr. Biederman. Many of the children were treated with combinations of powerful drugs known as cocktails that were never approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA must approve any children below the age of ten for any purpose in a drug study trial. Physicians may legally use only drugs that have been previously approved for a particular purpose or diagnosis, for any other purpose there must be upheld published scientific evidence before administering drugs. That was not the case for Biederman. His studies advocated the drugs that treated childhood bipolar disorder and was summarized by an article in The New York Times. Biederman was paid $1. 6 million in consulting and speaking fees from 2000 and 2007 including drugs that he advocated for childhood bipolar disorder. Similar amounts were paid two of his colleagues. The president of the Massachusetts General Hospital and the chairman of its physician organization apologized and express sympathy to its beneficiaries after the conflicts of interest were revealed. Chair of Stanfords psychiatry department and president-elect of the American Psychiatric Association Dr. Alan F. Schatzberg is another example of drug payments to physicians. Schatzberg controlled and co-founded Corcept Therapeutics in which he owned more than $6 million worth of stock. The company tested the drug Mifepristone, otherwise known as RU-486 the abortion drug as well as the drug used for the treatment of psychotic depression. Schatzberg, principal investigator on a National Institute of Mental Health grant that included research coauthored three papers on the subject of mifepriston. Schatzberg was later replaced as principal investigator to avoid a conflict of interest of misunderstanding. The most shocking case of drug payments to physician is that of Dr. Charles B. Nemeroff. Nemeroff, chair of Emory Universitys department of psychiatry along with Schatzberg, both served as coeditors of the influential Textbook of Psychopharmacology. Nemeroff served as principal investigator of the National Institute of Mental Health grant that was worth $3.95 million over five years. Emory University received $1.35 million which was used as overhead to study several drugs administered by GlaxoSmithKline. Emory University had to comply with government regulators along with the university to disclose income received from GlaxoSmithKline. Emory had to report any payments over $10,000 per year per the National Institutes of Health. This was done to ensure and eliminate the conflict of interest. Emory University compared records with GlaxoSmithKline and Nemeroff failed to disclose approximately $500,000 of speaking and consulting fees promoting the companys drugs. Emory conducted its own investigation in June 2004 and multiple violations of policies were founded on behalf Nemeroff. Nemeroff responded by issuing a memorandum at Emory stating he has been in compliance however GlaxoSmithKline reported paying Nemeroff a salary of $171,031. Nemeroff reported only $9,999 to Emory. He under reported by one dollar in which $10,000 is the threshold for reporting per the National Institutes of  Health. As a result of Health Care Reform which was passed in 2010 and initiated by President Barack Obamas administration, the Pew Prescription Project is an initiative of the Pew Charitable Trust promoting consumer safety through health care reform in the approval of manufacturing and marketing of prescription drugs. These initiatives will encourage or force evidence-based prescribing. The Pew Prescription Project conducts nonpartisan research through rigorous federal oversight in relation to drug safety. The purpose is to better illuminate problems and potential solutions in the area of prescription drugs. The Pew Prescription Act current goal includes the passage of the Physicians Payments Sunshine Act and the Independence Drug Education and Outreach Act. This includes improvements to current federal laws and regulations while improving FDA oversights and drug manufacturing. The advancement of evidence-based prescribing practices and ensuring clinical safety of drugs for children is another goal. The Physician Payments Sunshine Act has been passed within the current health care reform legislation. The provisions require drug and device companies to publicly report any gifts and payments that are made to doctors. The information must be posted on their web sites and reported to the US Department of Human Services. Companies can be fined starting at $10,000 up to $100,000. Many of the provisions must be fully operational starting in 2013. The government believes patients deserve and have the right to know if their doctors are receiving money from drug companies. Congress has added much needed transparency to the financial relationships between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians.   The reporting requirements in the health care legislation will better protect patients and will help restore trust in our health care system. This new legislation will enhance the safety of consumers by increasing transparency while in no way restricting business or limiting innovation. (Jewett) Though pharmaceutical marketing strategies has taken a new enlightened turn in the world of advertising, previous tactics of physicians actually promoting through accompanying pharmaceutical sales representatives has resulted in essential stimulated scrutiny. Less face-to-face interaction between pharmaceutical sales representatives and physicians is underway to aid in eliminating the engagement as well as the hint of unethical proposals and initiatives. Rewarding physicians with branded-name gifts, meals, apparel, etc., did in fact strengthen the marketing concept and played a significant impact on the positive profitability of many pharmaceutical companies. However, the proof is in the patient. Other marketing techniques have included persuasive testimonials from respected physicians claiming to have realized improvements in their patients prognoses. Further marketing techniques consist of published promotional reporting from trusted colleagues where the tracking of physicians like s and dislikes are captured and substantiate biographical purchasing data. Prescribing under the influence is a term used as a result of the drug reps intoxicating the physicians, residents and interns with breakfast, lunch, pens, and other pharmaceutical logo branded apparel, etc. The general idea is for the pharmaceutical sales representatives to be granted another opportunity to educate physicians about the targeted drugs, which is part of substantiating marketing strategies. The pharmaceutical reps take advantage of the physicians empty stomachs with an offer of free lunch or breakfast and prey on their wandering eyes with the fancy pens, notebooks, calendars and other items that coerce physicians to agree to their objectives in increasing sales. However, when a physician is questioned about the effectiveness of this type of marketing they often respond, It doesnt influence me at all. Theyre not going to buy my soul with a laser pointer. (Morreim) Many studies support that this kind of advertising has proven vital to the steady increase in pharmaceutical sales. So, perhaps physicians need to reexamine just how much they are persuaded by the irresistible allure of free fresh baked cookies or the tiny thin tubes that hold inks that we all know as a pen. Often a doctor is not going to prescribe medication that they barely know anything about; its the responsibility of the drug representative to educate the physicians on the name of the drug and drug facts so that they can then feel comfortable prescribing it to their patients. Drug representatives have basically been buying physicians time with whatever little inexpensive knick knack and kick-back it may take to get the name of the drug into the physicians brain and onto his prescription pad. Whats even worse is that most physicians will not give the drug representatives the time of day without some type of bribe or induction that is surprisingly not considered a kickback (in ter ms of legalities). A letter in the Journal of American Medical Association attests to just how intoxicating the advertising of the drug reps can be. The story describes a patient who came into the emergency room for an insect bite. The patient was originally seen by an intern who wanted to prescribe an inexpensive antibiotic, however the decision to prescribe the inexpensive antibiotic was overruled due to the fact that another resident recommended prescribing an new antibiotic that cost $183 per day. This incident was investigated by the attending physician who supervised the house officers and found out that this particular intern had recently wined and dined the day before by a drug rep from the manufacturer of the new expensive antibiotic prescribed. This type of behavior validates the enormous impact that marketing has on gifts of persuasion. In a story posted in the New York Times magazine, titled Dr. Drug Rep. a well respected physician Dr. Joseph Carlat shares his experience in being solicited by Wyeth Pharmaceutical Company to be a spokesperson for their drug Effexor XR, which is used for treating depression. They made him an enticing offer, and told him that all he would have to do is speak with his fellow colleagues about the features and benefits of the drug. Wyeth would provide all the information and materials that he needed to educate the other physicians about the drug and in return Dr. Carlat would be paid $500 for a one-hour training session or $750 if he had to drive for an hour. Dr. Carlat thought this would be easy enough. He was reputable; he had a busy private psychiatry practice specializing in psychopharmacology. He was quite familiar with drug Effexor and had read different studies pertaining to its effectiveness. The drug Effexor was being promoted by Wyeth as a dual reuptake inhibitor meaning that it increased both serotonin and norepinephrine, another neurotransmitter. The theory promoted by Wyeth was that two neurotransmitters were better than one, and that Effexor was more powerful and effective than S.S.R.I.s. (Carlat) Because he had already prescribed Effexor to several patients and it seemed to work, Dr. Carlat did not feel like there was anything unethical about him talking to other doctors about the drug. Dr. Carlat subsequently attended a full, expense paid physicians conference in Boston. When he began socializing at the conference there were other physicians functioning as spokespersons for other drugs and pharmaceutical companies. One physician that stood out was Dr. Michael Thase, the researcher who single-handedly put Effexor on the map. Thase presented evidence from clinical trials of Effexor being more effective than any other antidepressant. He rebutted criticisms of him being a paid consultant of Wyeth quite convincingly which was important. He explained to the attendees that he had requested and received complete information, both advantagess and disadvantages of the research data and not just the advantages. This was a significant point, because companies sometimes withhold negative data from publication in medical journals. For example, in 2004, GlaxoSmithKline was sued by Eliot Spitzer, who was then the New York attorney general, for suppressing relevant data that hinted Paxil caused suicidal thoughts in children. The company settled the case and agreed to make clinical-trial results public. (Carlat) Was I swallowing the message whole? Certainly not. I knew that this was hardly impartial medical education, and that we were being fed a marketing line. But when you are treated like the anointed, wined and dined in Manhattan and placed among the leaders of the field, you inevitably put some of your critical faculties on hold. I was truly impressed with Effexors remission numbers, and like any physician, I was hopeful that something new and different had been introduced to my quiver of therapeutic options. At the end of the last lecture, we were all handed envelopes as we left the conference room. Inside were checks for $750. It was time to enjoy ourselves in the city. (Carlat) However, after a year of pharmaceutical detailing Dr. Carlat became disturbed concerning feedback that Effexor caused hypertensions in a small but significant percentage of patients. For that reason, amongst other ethical reasons, Carlat decided to sever ties with Wyeth. Looking back on the year he spent speaking for Wyeth, he asked himself, Did I contribute to faulty medical decision making? Did my advice lead doctors to make inappropriate drug choices, and did their patients suffer needlessly? He admitted that there was a huge financial incentive for physicians to partner with pharmaceutical companies. (Carlat) Although he still allows drug reps to visit his office because it helps him stay abreast of the growing trends, he keeps the visits short and does not accept their offers and invitations. Who says this type of marketing isnt effective? Do other physicians really think they are invincible from the powers of persuasion? How many doctors actually engage in this type of marketing for drug companies? What role do ethics play in the decision to speak or not to speak on behalf of the insurance company? The truth is that previously many physicians engaged in this type of pharmaceutical detailing. While the median physician salary of 140,000 annually may be representative of a good salary, the additional $30,000 in supplemental income is quite alluring. In addition, to the monetary earnings earning respect based on reputation is important among colleagues. At least 25% of U.S. doctors are still receiving drug money for lecturing to physicians or assisting drug companies in other ways. Many physicians engage in this type of career appendage and perhaps go in with the purest of intentions; nonetheless, ethics are being violated when the physicians are not relaying accurate and appropriate information about the new medications that they are pushing, and much of the information that they are giving is provided to them from the pharmaceutical companies. PhRMA, Pharmaceutical Research and Medical Practices of America are part of an ongoing effort to ensure that pharmaceutical marketing organizations practice with the highest ethical standards. In January 2009, the voluntary PhRMA Code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals took effect and its focus was developed to keep representatives from drug companies and healthcare professionals centered on patient care. It is committed to making sure that drug representatives are provided with the most current, accurate, and reliable information to assist in their decision making on drug selection. Amongst its changes, prohibits distribution of no-educational items (Such as pens, mugs and other reminder objects typically adorned with a company or product logo). It prohibits company sales representatives from providing restaurant meals to healthcare professionals, but allows them to provide occasional meals in healthcare professionals offices in conjunction with informational presentation s. The Code also reaffirms and strengthens previous statements that companies should not provide any entertainment or recreational benefits to healthcare professionals. It includes new provisions that require companies to ensure that their representatives are sufficiently trained about applicable laws, regulations, and industry codes and practice. Companies are also asked to periodically access whether or not the representatives are abiding by the codes. (PhRMA) CEOs and Compliance Officers will have a process in place patterned after the Sarbanes Oxley compliance, other changes to the code reflects PhRMas support of transparency in relation to healthcare professionals. There is necessary education offered to interested parties regarding marketing techniques and physicians outlooks on pharmaceutical products, diagnoses and expected and proven outcomes. Since Pharmaceutical products must be marketed differently than other healtcare industry products for sale and there are distinct diversions for implementing successful marketing. The potential user or patient, must be granted a prescription from the prescribing physician. Proper use of the pharmaceutical is key which provides favorable or unfavorable outcomes. Within the public health sector, determinations on accessible drugs may very well be taken based on politics, which undoubtedly broadens the scope of advertising and marketing strategies in this field, replacing advertising by appealing via petitions through lobbyism. Various marketing schemes play into different levels of interests such as financial, scientific gain or even personal. Academic conferences and medical journals provide varying me diums for exposure. Ethical pharmaceutical trials developed arguments depends on knowledge, outcomes and concrete unbiased facts. This type of knowledge requires transparency, a level of transparency being sought after throughout the healthcare industry as a whole. The pharmaceutical industry requires skilled marketing experts to ensure that all aspects of reaching targeted audiences effectively are exceeded, not just met. Those regulations developed by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America and nofreelunch.org, which are not law, were developed to promote transparency. A doctor as a pharmaceutical representative shares his personal story about lecturing on a particular drug. There are ethical guidelines developed specifically for the healthcare industry that includes the pharmaceutical industry. AdvaMeds Code of Ethics, in particular, is a model for appropriate ethical behaviors within the healthcare industry that outlines specific recommendations for the drug industry. AdvaMed addres ses parameters covering educational grants, modest meals and hospitality, faculty expenses, and advertisements. In presenting the issues of unethical behaviors, it is imperative to understand the prevalence based on historical and current behaviors in society and the ever-evolving methods developed to discourage physician kickbacks in the pharmaceutical industry. Though AdvaMeds Code of Ethics regulations do not mandate their guidelines be adhered to, health care organizations are strongly urged to utilize and enforce their codes can assist in eliminating and curtailing unethical behaviors that lead to lawsuits that actually develop in to Case Studies. As long as viable codes of ethics are followed, fear of transparency can be removed. Acceptably ethical behaviors will indeed help aid in the inevitable reformation efforts that this nation continues to experience.

Internal and External Sources of Finance Essay

Internal sources of finance for Tesco Tesco’s main internal source of income will be their retained earnings. Retained earnings are the amount of net income that Tesco have retained and not paid out. Retained earnings are what are paid to the business owners. Fixed assets are another form of an internal source of finance; this form of finance is a lot harder to convert into cash as fixed assets tend to be things such as vehicles, machinery, buildings and factories. Fixed assets can take a while to convert into cash so Tesco would not rely on them to be a short-term access to finance. Current assets are a key source of finance for Tesco; current assets are cash and things that are easy to convert into cash. The things that can be converted into cash easily are things such as stock; once the stock has been sold earning will be retained by Tesco. Tesco have to ensure current assets are no lower than current liabilities as this may prevent them from paying off any possible debts they may have. External sources of finance for Tesco As Tesco are a large company some forms of external finance do not apply to them, things such as loans, credit cards and bank overdrafts will be of no interest to Tesco as they are too financially significant to benefit from them. However, the sources that do apply to Tesco are investments from shareholders, Tesco have many competitors all competing for the same thing, to be the biggest supermarket within the UK. For Tesco to take that title they will need as much investors as possible. An average loan from the bank would not benefit Tesco as the loan is likely to be small; however, if Tesco needed a quick source of finance of a large quantity, things such as a government grants would be beneficial; it would be beneficial as the grant is likely to be large.

Authoritative Parenting Model Essay

Establishing discipline through authoritative parenting is an effective style because it displays secure emotional development, allows a higher quality of supportive peer relationships and enhances problem-solving skills for the child. Research has shown that authoritative parenting is the most effective style of parenting. Authoritative parenting is the one style that promotes equal involvement between the parent and child. (Cherry, 2013a). The parent displays fair discipline, warmth and nurturing, effective communication with the child and sets certain expectations on behavior and maturity. This parenting style promotes a â€Å"democratic† model in which parents are  responsive to the child’s needs, thoughts and concerns. These parents will listen to questions the child may have on expectations set. Simply put by these parents are direct but not over bearing. (Cherry, 2013b). They reason instead of just punishing the child. Parents of this model want their children to be self-assured, socially approachable and cooperative. This furthermore, clearly defines that the authoritative style allows open communication between parent and child, love, guidance, nurturing, explanation of discipline and balance for the child. The authoritative parenting style is about setting limits, reasoning with kids, and being responsive to their emotional needs. (Dewar, 2013). These types of parents offer children a great deal of emotional support. While setting high standards for a child, parents who practice the authoritative style are responsive to the needs of children, demand children to show respect as well as provide a nurturing environment. In setting limits, children will often comply with respect to their parents and act responsibly. When children misbehave, the authoritative parent provides discipline as well and pointing out and discussing the misbehavior. The parent further provides reasoning to the act. In addition, parents allow for verbal responses and communication  from the child that promotes a sense of balance. As Dewar further states, there is evidence that this style helps kids become more empathic, helpful, conscientious, and kind to others. Dewar also suggests, authoritative parents are both highly responsive and very demanding. Overall, this is one of the best ways to define the authoritative parenting style. Evidenced  research provides several conclusions that children raised by authoritative parents are more likely to become independent, socially accepted by peers, academically productive, and well mannered. (Dewar, 2013). Children often become more supportive, reliable, and thoughtful to family and peers. Authoritative parents promote secure attachments and allow children to communicate their concerns and feelings. In doing so, children are less likely to internalize problems. Talking with a child will allow them to verbalize both good and bad, learning from these better choices and avoiding future mistakes. In the end, children will become better with problem solving skills and positive emotional well-being. Authoritative parenting offers secure emotional development of a child. These parents exhibit respectable emotional understanding and control, encourage children to manage their own emotions and learn to understand others as well. (Cherry, 2013b). The authoritative parenting style focuses on parents listening to what their children have to say, place reasonable limits that have set consequences for certain behaviors and encourage an independent child. Parents are warm and welcoming to discuss anything with the child but do not do this in a robust manner. This parent is consistent with discipline but expects the child take responsibility for their actions. The parents do not judge or place immediate blame, they listen to what the child has to say. In return, these children tend to be capable of making appropriate decisions, have a sense of pride and happiness with themself and achieve goals set for them effectively. In other words, the authoritative parent encourages a child to set expectations of their own to succeed,  work through problems, develop their own skill sets and accomplish a strong sense of confidence. Diane Baumrind’s research shows that these children display a happier disposition, have effective control of their emotions, exhibit s social interaction and are self-starters in learning new things. (Cherry, 2013a). Multiple studies have been done that prove authoritative parents score high on measures of warmth and responsiveness and high on measures of control and maturity demands (Spera, 2005). This is likely due to the parent’s warm and responsive manner in which the child is approached by the parent. The parents due demand a high level of maturity from the child, but do so with balance, affection, and bidirectional communication to nurture relationships. The parent gives explanation of why a child should act a certain way in social or serious situation. Parents also help the child to prioritize what is important to succeed socially and academically. This is referred to as the demandingness/responsive model. (Spera, 2005). Demandingness refers to the demands parents make on their children to become unified with family and united in society with others. Parents hold certain levels of demand for their children, but provide direction, and discipline when appropriate. Responsiveness refers to parental actions that purposefully encourage individuality, self-confidence and contention of the child. With parental responsiveness, parents are receptive and understanding of the child’s needs. Parenting in this manner and with warmth and understanding, this can make a child’s temperament more calm, happy, adaptable, regulate sleeping and eating habits, set a positive mood and encourage interest in new experiences. Research has found that the best-adjusted children have parents with an authoritative style (Gurian, 2011). These parents are able to balance with definitions, place high demands with emotional responsiveness and maintain respect for their child’s independence. Parents need to remember though; children also have their own style and temperament. They do  react differently in given situations and parents must recognize those differences, especially in families with many siblings. Differences in these types of children are the easy going, calm, happy child who possess healthy habits, is generally in a good mood at all time and is interested in many different activities. In contrast, difficult child may be fussy, negative, and emotionally weak and get upset easily. Authoritative parents must understand the given situation and find a good â€Å"fit† to meet the child’s demands. Being consistent is key as well. Setting limits on the child, providing ongoing encouragement, recognizing accomplishments, discussing solutions to problems and consistent communication is a must. Constructive conversation and encouragement with balance develop a strong relationship. Parents need to gain and maintain respect from their children to be able to teach them how to develop strong social relationships. Parents are the influential to child as they set limits and rules with respect to each individual in the family. A warm parent is full encouragement, bi directional communication, and love. (Harkey, 2012). The authoritative style is obviously the one that parents should strive for when parenting. When this type of parenting is accomplished a child will be happy, content and successful. Children will strive for balance and selfconfidence to develop strong peer relationships. Authoritative parents practice demandingness and response. They balance control and empathy that results in a thriving relationship with the child. These parents also do not put more on a child then they feel the child can handle. Again, they listen to the child’s needs and help them to make better decisions. Authoritative parent practices  increase the importance of peer relationships for adolescents. This parenting style encourages a variety of positive outcomes for adolescents with quality, supportive friendships. (Beck, 2011). Peer friendships are important to all children especially in the adolescent years. Support from friends helps to develop a higher self-esteem  during this time and makes teens feel important. The authoritative parenting style promotes this as parents discuss school events, peer relationships and emotions with the child. Studies show that strong peer relationships are related to better social skills and develop leadership qualities in teens. (Beck, 2011). Parents encourage teens to become involved in these types of relationships. Parents encourage externalized communication, involvement in teen activities, questions about their peer relationships and strong communications. At the same time, parents demand certain behaviors and will not tolerate inappropriate teen behaviors. Parents must remember not to wait to form these bonds with children in the adolescent years; these bonds must being in early childhood and continued throughout the early adulthood years. Parents must also recognize that teens may begin to reference peers for advice and problem solving skills. Parent involvement without being over bearing is essential to maintain a balanced relationship with the child. Authoritative parenting is effective for positive outcomes of the child in problem solving skills as well as success with peer relationships (Spera, 2005). Spera reviews findings that speak to research of children from authoritative parenting styles and that are associated with positive school  outcomes. In his review of such research he suggests that authoritative parents provide many idea dynamics that lead to high academic performance. Authoritative parents provide a high level of emotional security. This allows the child a sense of comfort and helps them to succeed in their school and peer relationships. Spera also defines that authoritative parents provide their children with explanations for their actions. Explanations provide children with a sense of interpretation and mindfulness of their parents’ values, morals, and goals. These are the building blocks to success in academic and social performance. Authoritative parents participate with the child in bidirectional communication. This style furthermore promotes better skills in interpersonal relations, sets a higher level of confidence and more popular children. These  interpersonal skills are a direct reflection of how a child will succeed in school, both socially and academically. Authoritative parents take a different, more moderate approach that emphasizes setting high standards, being nurturing and responsive, and showing respect for children as independent, rational beings. The authoritative parent expects maturity and cooperation, and offers children a lot of emotional support. Quality parenting is ongoing and offers warm and secure bonds between the parent and child. Children raised in this environment are less likely to internalize their feelings as authoritative parents encourage the child to talk about their thoughts and feelings. Also when a child makes a mistake, the parents must approach the situation in a caring manner vs. a blaming tone. This can  provide openness and solutions to problem solving and in turn children will become more effective learners from this process. Studies prove that encouraging independence in children reflect better problem solving skills and healthy emotional beings. (Dewar, 2010). This can provide the appropriate means for a child to become more helpful to others, caring and giving. In doing so, children will be viewed by peers as being kind, approachable and sometimes popular. The best-adjusted child, particularly in terms of social competence, has parents who utilize the authoritative, moderate parenting style. (Gurian, 2011). Gurian examines and compares the parenting styles researched for many years by Diane Baumrind that speaks to three different styles. These styles are authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parenting. Authoritative parenting, provides a balanced approach, demands expectations of appropriate behaviors, allow children to think through decisions and develop a sense of autonomy. Authoritarian patenting on the other hand, emphasizes strict discipline and severe punishment. Also, there is little affection shown. Permissive parenting, displays passionate warmth but this parent is hesitant to enforce rules. Gurian further explains that children from authoritative  families tend to be emotionally sound, well behaved and competent in academic performance. This makes them resourceful, and socially adept in all aspects of life. In reference to children from authoritarian families, they are fairly well behaved but lack social skills. Also these children tend to  suffer from anxiety, unhappiness, and lack of self-confidence. Children from permissive families may hold a high self esteem but tend to get involved in problem behaviors such as drug or alcohol abuse and are poor performers in academics. Findings show that among all the components of personality, there is a direct and significant relationship between openness personality trait and authoritative parenting style. (Mohammad, Nasirudin, Samadzadeh and Amini, 2012). It aims to explore the difference in parenting styles and personality dimensions. This leads children to broaden their scope of curiosity and wisdom, which helps them with problem solving skills. The authors of this abstract (Mohammad, Nasirudin, Samadzadeh and Amini, 2012) clearly research and study over 272 students from a national university. They used random sampling and a questionnaire to gather the information to be reviewed from these students as the authoritative parenting style is one compared to the others that improves secure being, focus, knowledge, and develops problem solving. Also, in this study it reflects that the authoritative parenting style is the one compared to the others that improves secure being within the child, focus, and knowledge and develops problem-solving skills. Results of this study also showed that parent’s educational manners and styles are effective on the development of children’s personality behaviors. Parents play an important role in meeting a child’s needs. It is imperative that a parent provides a healthy relationship with child using the authoritative style of open communication, warmth and love. Self-confidence for child throughout life is significant in decision-making. Children with authoritative education style have higher social-emotional growth and better academic  achievement. Parents display social support, mutual relationships, approachability, responsiveness and satisfaction towards children with an authoritative parenting style. This in turn results in the maturity of these mechanisms within children. Family is definitely the main support of a child’s personality traits and growth. Parenting styles are patterns for children’s enhancement that is formed by the consistent communication of parent/child and how they response to children’s behavior. Authoritative parents demand maturity and accountability from the child, but approach them in a kind way with explanation at all times. Various studies discussed by (Mohammad, Nasirudin, Samadzadeh and Amini, 2012) speak to the committed relationship and authoritative parenting style that has a direct reflection on academic achievement in children. It also has a positive impact on the well-being and mental health of the child. These parents guide direction and provide explanation and solutions for further success of these children and therefore have a direct reflection on problem solving of adolescent issues. The article by (Spera, 2005) evaluates the information on the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement. Spera speaks to research completed by Diane Baumrind that authoritative parents have high maturity demands and set expectations for achievement of their children. However, they foster maturity requests through bidirectional communication and encouragement of independence. The review of the practical research indicates that parental involvement and monitoring are strong predictors of adolescent achievement. Furthermore, the review specifies that authoritative parenting styles are often associated with advanced areas of student achievement. Parents find social skills important and entwine them in daily discussions with children. These topics can include social, academic and peer topics for discussion. Volunteering at school, helping children with homework and attending school events such as extracurricular activities are the many ways parents can stay  involved with child. Parents must initiate this type of involvement with children, as it will result in positive outcomes for the child. Moreover, Spera speaks to studies with adolescents that have found that parental assistance with homework is positively related to the amount of time adolescents spend on their homework. Parents who value the education as their child will result in those child to succeed in their academic practices as well as social interaction with peer groups (Spera, 2005). This results in personal and professional growth of the child. It also teaches children to respect their studies and understand why education is to be valued. Setting goals together can prove effective. Also, mature and self-confident children succeed with an authoritative parent if bidirectional communication is maintained. The abstract by (Turner, Chandler, and Heffer, 2009) also provides information about the effectiveness of appropriate parenting styles in relation to academic performance. The results of the current study of college students concludes that parenting characteristics such as concern, love and warmth continue to play an important role in prompting a student’s academic performance while in college. It also speaks to self- esteem as it relates to success in college students. In doing so, it discusses research and studies that tested the interaction between child self-efficacy and authoritative parenting. In general, an authoritative parenting style emphasizing both responsiveness and demandingness appears superior in fostering higher academic performance. This provides reasoning as to why authoritative parenting is effective in the child’s progress through adolescence and early adulthood. Several other studies by Diane Baumrind have indicated that there is a positive link between authoritative parenting style and academic performance. These children are motivated constantly by their parents and provide ongoing  reassurance of goals and values. Authoritative parents encourage a high self-esteem and promote the ability for the child to mature, organize and achieve goals in a warm, secure way. These positive actions build success and growth for the child as they learn to work through problems, difficult scenarios and achieve success academically. Self-efficacy is strongly related to academic achievement especially at the college level. Again parents play an important role to assist in the development of maturity and self-assurance of the child beginning early in life. As children mature and begin on their own at the college levels, parents still can play an important role on the continued success. According to studies reviewed in the article of (Turner, Chandler, and Heffer, 2009). Students who come from an authoritative parenting style not only achieve overall academic success but tend to have a higher GPA. Ongoing research over the years shows that establishing discipline through authoritative parenting is one of the most effective styles because it provides secure emotional development, allows a higher quality of supportive social relationships and enhances problem-solving skills for the child. The authoritative parenting style is one in which parents display warmth, rationalization and understanding that provide a sense of security and self-perseverance of the child. These parents allow child involvement with an emphasis on bidirectional communication. Parents provide ideal problem  solving skills at all ages for future success by demanding maturity from the child but provide a positive and encouraging approach with balance to a develop strong peer relationships. Authoritative parents provide warmth, understanding and love to promote a child’s self confidence for overall academic and personal achievement throughout life. REFERENCES Beck, K. (2011). The role of mothers’ authoritative  parenting in adolescent attachment and social relationships. [Abstract]. Cherry, K. (2013a). Parenting styles: the four styles of parenting. About.com Psychology. Retrievedfrom http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/paren ting-style.htm?r=et. Cherry, K. (2013b). What is authoritative parenting? About.com Guide to Psychology. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/childcare/f/authoritativeparenting.htm Dewar, G. (2013, March). The authoritative parenting style: Warmth, rationality, and high standards. A guide for the science-minded parent http://www.parentingscience.com/authoritative-parenting-style.html Dewar, G. (2010). Parenting styles: A guide for the science-minded http://www.parentingscience.com/parenting-styles.html Gurian, A. (2011, July). Parenting styles/children’s temperaments: the match. NYU Child Study Center. Retrieved from http://www.aboutourkids.org/articles/parenting_styleschildren039s_temperaments _match Harkey, N, & Jourgensen, T. (2012). Parenting by temperament: Authoritative parenting [Kindle edition]. Retrieved from Amazon.com Mohammad, M. Javidi, N., Samadzadeh, M. & Amini. M. ( 2012, September). 3332 Indian Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 5 No. 9 Spera, C. (2005). A review of the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement. Educational Psychology Review, 17(2), 125-146 Turner, E., Chandler, M., Heffer, R. (2009, May/June). The influence of parenting styles, achievement motivation, and self-efficacy on academic performance in college students. Journal of College Student Development, Volume 50, (3), 337-346. Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press.